Posts Tagged With: Escape

“Scan every face”

In the days following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, the entire country was on the lookout for the assassin and his conspirators. The wanted posters for Booth, Herold, and Surratt offered generous sums and were allegedly the first in the nation to use photographs:

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But these wanted posters and broadsides were not the only means put forth to help identify and find the criminals. Quickly stationary store owners sprang into action. They were already producing memorial envelopes (called covers to stamp collectors) to the fallen President:

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In short order one Washington D.C. stationary maker named C. H. Anderson created an envelope containing the image of John Wilkes Booth:

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The idea was that covers like this would serve as traveling wanted posters, reminding postal workers and citizens to keep a watchful eye for the assassin. The description under the engraving of Booth gives the following instructions:

“Hunt the villain down. Scatter this likeness in every section of the country; scan every face, particularly if it shuns you; observe closely the features which cannot change; make due allowance for the beard to grow, the mustache shaved off, and the hair cut. It may be by your means that a benignant Government shall mete out justice to one for whom there should be no mercy.”

While a good idea, in the end, Booth was brought down by the cavalry, not a cover.

References:
Lincoln Covers Auction

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“…The people here are all traitors…”

The following letter, gleaned from the files at the James O. Hall Research Center, describes the search for Booth and Herold in Southern Maryland.  The author was a captain named William Hazelton who served under Major John Waite of the 8th Illinois Cavalry.  His letter recounts accurately the investigation that occurred in and around Bryantown.

“Bryantown, Md. April 27, 1865.

Dear Mother:

I have been endeavoring to get an opportunity to write you but have been so constantly on the move for the last two weeks that I’ve had no chance for writing.

We were first ordered to Washington to form part of the military escort at President Lincoln’s funeral, immediately after which we were sent here into Maryland in pursuit of Booth and some of his accomplices who were known to have come here.  We traced Booth to the house of a Dr. Mudd where he went to have his leg set, a bone in which had been broken by a fall of his horse.  At this Doctor’s he arrived on the morning after the murder.  He had with him a man by the name of Harrold, one of his accomplices and a desperado well known in these parts.  Here he remained until 2:00 o’clock in the afternoon of the same day.  From here we were unable to trace him farther for some days.  In vain we scoured the country in all directions, I was out with my Company night and day.  With us were dozens of the most expert detectives of the Untied States, but all our efforts to trace him further failed until at length a free negro [Oswell Swann] came in and reported that he acted as guide for them to the house of a Captain Cox some fifteen miles from here.  At that time I happened to be the only officer off duty, and at 12:00 o’clock at night started with thirty men, two detectives and this same negro guide for the home of Captain Cox.

We reached there just at daylight, saw Captain Cox (a notorious “secesh”) but he denied all knowledge of the parties.

We obtained evidence, however, that Booth and Harrold remained at his house some four hours in private conversation with him.  They then mounted their horses, Booth being lifted on the horse by the negro guide whom they dismissed, and again we lose all trace of them.  Cox we arrested and he is now in the Old Capitol prison.

The great difficulty is the people here are all traitors, and we can get no information from them.  A report reached us day before yesterday that they had been seen not far from where I am now writing.  They came to the edge of a woods and called for this colored woman (our informant) to bring them some food.  She describes the men and said one of them had crutches.  We immediately surrounded the woods and one hundred of our men searched it through and through, but found nothing.  The country here is all heavily wooded, making it next to impossible to find one who makes any effort to escape.  I hope, however, we will yet find him if he is not across the Potomac.

Yours truly,

William

P.S. I must not forget to tell you that your boy is now Captain.  My commission came some days ago.”

It seems quite obvious that the rebellious nature of the Southern Marylanders caused problems for the soldiers seeking the assassin of President Lincoln, a man for whom the natives had no love lost.

The, "notorious secesh", Samuel Cox.

The, “notorious secesh” mentioned above, Samuel Cox.

Still, through the statements of Dr. Mudd and Oswell Swann the soldiers were able to accurately track Booth until his departure from Cox’s house at around 4:00 am on Sunday, April 16th.  From here, Booth and Herold were escorted into the nearby Pine Thicket by Cox’s adopted son, who subsequently went for Thomas Jones in the morning.  This letter, dated April 27th, was written a day after Booth and Herold were captured at Garrett’s farm, with the former having been killed in the process. Apparently, at the time of his writing the news had not yet reached Captain Hazelton and the other soldiers and detectives stationed at Bryantown.

References:
James O. Hall Research Papers

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Following the Escape Route: Pine Thicket to Huckleberry

One of my favorite books about the Lincoln assassination is Michael Kauffman’s, American Brutus.  The research is utterly superb and Kauffman delves into every nook and cranny to provide the clearest picture possible about the assassination.  Though I’ve only met Mike once at a talk he gave, I am also very impressed by his devotion to recreating the history.  The man has spent countless nights at Tudor Hall, jumped from a ladder onto the stage at Ford’s to replicate Booth’s jump from the box, attempted to row across the Potomac river, and even burned down a period tobacco barn that was scheduled for demolition.  I find all these recreations of history absolutely fascinating and also just plain cool.  Taking Michael Kauffman’s lead, I decided to get my feet wet today and try to recreate some of the escape route on foot.  To that end, today I walked from the location of where John Wilkes Booth and David Herold were hidden by Thomas Jones in the Pine Thicket, to one of their stops before reaching the shores of the Potomac, Jone’s home of Huckleberry.

Pine Thicket to Huckleberry Map

Though not part of the trek before me, I started my day by driving from my house to Rich Hill, the former home of Samuel Cox.  It was on my way to the Pine Thicket and I wanted to check on the building which, sadly, will not be here for long is something is not done to keep it up:

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From Rich Hill, I drove to the Pine Thicket and parked my car in the area in front of the Maryland Civil War Trials signage in the area.  Exiting my car, I put on my backpack which contained a water bottle and Thomas Jones’ book, J. Wilkes Booth.  I started to walk down Wills Rd. and soon came to what is believed to be the Collis House.  In Jones’ book published in 1893, he states that the spot he first beheld the fugitives in the pines was now occupied by an Englishman named John Collis who built his home there.  It is thought, with relative certainty, that the Collis house still exists as part of this house on Wills Rd.

Collis House Engraving

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I knocked on the door, hoping to chat with the owner but either no one was home, or they did not want to talk with me, so I walked on.  Reaching the end of Wills Rd., I realized that this trip was a good opportunity to live up to my previous comment that I would attempt to record video of more of my Boothie adventures.  So, I switched from pictures to video on my iPhone, and I documented the rest of my journey with videos.  What follows are those 10 short videos.  I was speaking off the cuff with nothing prepared and so please forgive any factual errors I may have made.  During my last video, I turned the camera while recording, hoping the video would rotate as well.  It did not, so for part of the video you will have to tilt your head sideways.   Sorry.  It was an amateur production, what can I say?










I left Huckleberry and retraced my route exactly as I had came. I enjoyed it, but I was certainly in need of a shower by the time I got home. 90 degree heat with no breeze and very little shade makes for one sweaty walk no matter the distance.

In conclusion, today I did my best to walk a mile(+) in the shoes of John Wilkes Booth, David Herold, and Thomas A. Jones. They made a similar journey under the cover of darkness listening intently to every sound they heard. It took me 50 minutes to walk the same basic route that the trio walked between dusk and 9:30 pm on April 20th, 1865.

Huckleberry June 2013

My recreation of history may not be “burning down a tobacco barn” quality, but it’s a start.

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Kieran McAuliffe’s Booth Escape Route Map

Earlier this week, I received a generous offer from Kieran McAuliffe. He has recently revised and reissued his John Wilkes Booth Escape Route map. Today I came home from our trip to D.C. to find a copy of his new map in my mailbox.

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Mr. McAuliffe has nicely improved on his original map, adding more images and fine tuning the specific routes taken by Booth and the soldiers tracking him down.

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Excerpt from Kieran McAuliffe’s original John Wilkes Booth Escape Route map.

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Excerpt from the revised version of Mr. McAuliffe’s map. Notice the greater detail showing the routes taken.

His map is a must have for any one interested in the assassination. It provides a nice, concise account and beneficial visual of the escape route. You can purchase Mr. McAuliffe’s new map from the Surratt House Museum or from Amazon.

I’m looking forward to Mr. McAuliffe’s future maps.

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Read more about Kieran McAuliffe and his work here: http://historymapsetc.com/kierans-bio/

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Epilogue: Booth Escape Route Tour

7:10 pm:
We are practically back to the Surratt House museum from which our journey began today. Even after recharging my phone twice during the trip, I’m back down to 15% battery life. For my first attempt at “live blogging” I’m quite happy with the result and I hope you enjoyed it.

The John Wilkes Booth Escape Route Tour put on by the Surratt House Museum is without compare. My few pictures are nothing compared to the thorough narration and wonderful experience of visiting these places firsthand. I hope you all have the opportunity to take this phenomenal tour in the future. You won’t regret it.

9:00 pm:

I’m back home now, and I want to share a touching story from today. On the tour with us were three people, an older couple and their daughter. They told me that they had been on the tour three times before this with their son, Rick. Rick loved Civil War history and taking the Booth tour. Last September, the couple told me, their son Rick died of cancer at the age of 48. They were wearing shirts with his face on them and going on this Booth tour in memory of him and how much he loved history.

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I thought that it was such a nice and touching tribute, and I think the Surratt House should be very proud of the fond memories this family has of their late son because of their tour.

‘Til next time,

Dave Taylor
April 27, 2013

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Live Blogging: Booth Escape Route Tour Part 2

My phone doesn’t want to add more pictures to my first “live blog” post, so I’m starting this second post to continue the tour.

3:35 pm:

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Mathias Point, VA from the point where Booth and Herold set off from Maryland.

3:40 pm:

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Drive by of Huckleberry, the home of Thomas Jones.

3:55 pm:

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Crossing the bridge into Virginia.

4:05 pm:

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Mrs. Quesenberry’s house.

4:30 pm:

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Cleydael, the home of Dr. Richard Stuart, who denied Booth and Herold aid excepting a meal.

4:50 pm:

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The telephone pole here marks the approximate location of the William Lucas cabin. Booth and Herold evicted the Lucases when they were denied by Dr. Stuart.

5:09 pm:

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Drive by of where the ferry came into Port Royal, VA and the Peyton House where Booth and Herold attempted to find assistance.

5:20 pm:

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We made it. Booth’s last breath was taken here at Garrett’s farm 148 years ago yesterday.

5:45 pm:

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The last stop before we head back home to the Surratt House, Horne’s for ice cream and a bathroom break.

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Live Blogging: Booth Escape Route Tour

Today (4/27/13), I will be on the John Wilkes Booth Escape Route Tour put on by the Surratt House museum. I’ve decided to try my hands at “live blogging” the tour, which essentially means I will be adding pictures to this post throughout the day as we visit the different places. If there are any particular things you would like a picture of, comment below and I’ll be happy to oblige. I’m hoping my phone won’t run out of battery with all the picture taking and uploading, but it might happen. So if the tour just ends for awhile, you’ll know why. Check back periodically today for updates!

Here we go:

6:22 am: I am on my way to Surratt House early to await and facilitate the tour participants’ check in.

6:31 am:

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Two of the large bookshelves that line an office at the Surratt House Museum. If you need a book on the assassination, odds are the Surratt House gift shop has it.

7:23 am:

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The bus has left Surratt House filled with the tour group and our esteemed tour guide, John Howard, sets the scene as we drive into DC.

8:00 am:

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We’re outside of Ford’s Theatre listening to Ranger Eric Martin give a speech about the history of the Theatre.

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8:15 am:

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Inside the Ford’s Theatre Museum.

8:45 am:

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In the theatre of Ford’s listening to Ranger Eric Martin give the account of the assassination and peering into the presidential box.

9:05 am:

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A quick walk through of Petersen House. I was helping some tour participants through so I didn’t take any pictures inside.

9:23 am:

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Drive bys of Baptist Alley, the route Booth took out of Ford’s, and the former site of the Herndon House, where Lewis Powell stayed.

9:27 am:

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Drive by of the Surratt boarding house in D.C.

9:35 am:

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Drive by of David Herold’s possible house in the Navy Yard and taking the bridge that runs parallel to the former Navy Yard bridge.

9:57 am:

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The approximate location of Sopher’s hill where Booth and Davy met up after fleeing DC separately.

10:10 am:

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At the Mary Surratt House Museum in Clinton, MD, the organizers of this and countless other BERTs.

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Surratt House employee Kyle Mongan about to give a tour. No pictures of the inside of the house because I’m spending our time at Surratt charging my phone battery in my car otherwise I won’t make it much past Mudd’s.

11:27 am:

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The small crossroad town of T.B. through which Booth and Herold rode through after leaving the Surratt Tavern.

11:46 am:

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Farm of George Gardiner, next door neighbor of Dr. Mudd’s, from whom Booth bought a horse blind in one eye.

11:50 am:

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The Dr. Mudd House Museum in Waldorf, MD.

1:03 pm:

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Drive by of Bryantown Tavern, where Dr. Mudd came and learned of Lincoln’s assassination on April 15th while Booth was at his home.

1:07 pm:

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Drive by of Mudd’s grave at St. Mary’s church, where Mudd met Booth in 1864.

1:23 pm:

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Drive by of Rich Hill, the home of Samuel Cox.

1:25 pm:

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Drive by of the pine thicket where Booth and Herold were hid by Thomas Jones.

1:34 pm:

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Time for lunch at Captain Billy’s. I’ll see you after.

3:15 pm:

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After a short delay due to a broken broiler at Captain Billy’s, we’ve made it to Loyola Retreat, the location of where Booth and Herold set across the Potomac.

End of part 1. See part 2: http://boothiebarn.com/2013/04/27/live-blogging-john-wilkes-booth-escape-route-tour-part-2/

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Imprisoned at the Old Capitol Prison

Right now, 148 years ago, John Wilkes Booth and Davy Herold are hiding in the pine thicket not far from Samuel Cox’s plantation, Rich Hill. They are being aided by Thomas Jones, who is providing them with food, water, and newspapers. Eventually, Thomas Jones will help send the pair across the Potomac river into Virginia. Though unable to prove anything against him, Jones would be arrested and imprisoned into the Old Capitol Prison in Washington. Here, he will be joined by several other individuals who had run ins with Booth and Herold during their escape. Some will become witnesses at the trial. One, Dr. Mudd, will become a conspirator. Some others, like Jones and Cox, will eventually be released with their true involvement unknown to the military commission. Here’s a list of people related to Booth and Herold’s escape who were imprisoned at the Old Capitol Prison.

Old Capitol Prison 1

Name Date Committed Age Occupation Residence Date Captured Where Captured Charges Notes
Bryant, William May 3 Farmer King George County, VA May 1 Mathias Point Held as witness by order of Secretary of War Released June 7 order General Baker
Cox, Samuel April 26 46 Farmer Charles County, MD April 24 Charles County, MD By order Col. Foster’s investigating committee Released June 3 on oath – order General Augur
Davis, Thomas April 24 18 Farmer[Dr. Mudd’s farmhand] Charles County, MD April 24 Charles County, MD For Major Turner’s investigation Released May 18 by order General Augur
Garrett, John May 6 24 Clerk Caroline County, VA April 26 Caroline County, VA Committed by order Col. Burnett orders Released May 8, order Secretary of War thru Col. Baker
Garrett, William May 6 20 Farmer Caroline County, VA April 26 Caroline County, VA Committed by order Col. Burnett orders Released May 8, order Secretary of War thru Col. Baker
Jones, Thomas A. April 27 45 Farmer Charles County, MD April 23 Charles County, MD Col Foster’s orders Released May 29 on parole to appear and answer charges when requested
Lloyd, John M April 23 41 Tavern keeper Surrattsville, MD April 23 Near T.B., MD For Major Turner’s investigation. Released June 30 order of Secretary of War on file
Lucas, William May 3 65 Farmer King George County, VA May 1 Mathias Point, VA Held as witness Released June 7, General Augur
Mudd, Samuel A. April 24 30 Dr. Charles County, MD April 21? Charles County, MD For M. I. Comm. Transfer to custody of Col. Baker, Agt. War Department
Rollins, William May 4 46 Farmer King George County, VA May 1 Mathias Point, VA Held as witness Released June 7. Delivered to Col. Baker to be returned over to civil authorities
Swan, Oswell (colored) April 27 30 Farmer Near Bryantown April 24 (or 21?) Near Bryantown Col. Foster Released May 18 Gen. Augur
Stewart [sic], Richard H. May 5 59 Physician King George County, VA May 6 King George County, VA Order Col. Baker Released June 7 by order Gen. Parke
Washington, Frank (colored) April 24 53 [Dr. Mudd’s farmhand] Charles County, MD April 24 Charles County, MD For investigation of Commission Released Gen Augur May 18

Old Capitol Prison Map

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